The study sought to assess the influence of supply chain complexities on the performance of manufacturing companies in Saudi Arabia, while also evaluating the moderating role of information technology infrastructure. A cross-sectional research design was utilized to gather quantitative data from 370 employees across various manufacturing firms. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted using SPSS and Smart PLS software. The results indicated that upstream, operations, downstream, external, and internal supply chain complexities have positive and significant effects on supply chain performance. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that information technology infrastructure significantly moderates the relationship between all supply chain complexities and performance, underscoring the critical role of IT infrastructure in enhancing supply chain outcomes. These findings contribute theoretically by advancing our understanding of the interplay between technological and supply chain complexities within supply chain management. Practically, the results emphasize the importance for manufacturing firms to invest in robust IT systems and foster strong collaborative relationships to improve performance and secure a competitive advantage. Future research could explore these findings in different geographical contexts and incorporate additional supply chain complexities to examine potential variations in results.